Stress Takes Its Toll free essay sample

The indications of Larry Field’s stress is that Larry Field experiences various occasions that impact all parts of his life and others over a short two-year time span. The principal stressor introduced was the point at which he graduated secondary school and he was given an opening for work he believed he couldnt leave behind. Larry felt it was essential with the end goal for him to accomplish his primary objective in wedding his secondary school darling, Alice. From that point, things moved rather rapidly for Larry, which were all somewhat unpredicted stressors for Larry. He accomplished his underlying objective of wedding Alice and they wedded that equivalent summer; after a year they had their first youngster. Having a family presently significantly changed his social exercises and there were currently two others depending on his check. These stressors at that point roused Larry to request a raise at his particular employment, which he got. Be that as it may, once more, rather rapidly, Larry was elevated to team boss at the overview work. We will compose a custom paper test on Stress Takes Its Toll or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This is something Larry was again not set up for and along these lines, Larry experience a couple of hierarchical stressors including Task Demands and Role Demands. To start with, Larry was worried over his professional stability, since he knew different colleagues his age were more qualified than him and he believed he could without much of a stretch lose his position. Second, Larry felt a level of over-burden, feeling that he came up short on the subjective capacity to be a chief. These all made Larry exceptionally uncomfortable and to adapt to all that he began smoking, even grinding away, which put off a couple of his colleagues since it was influencing them. His own life was enduring as well, since he never truly observed Alice and he could tell she was unsatisfied. 2. How was Larry Field attempting to adapt to his pressure? Would you be able to propose increasingly viable strategies? I think if Larry would be wise to adapting techniques, he might spare his own and expert lives. It seems like he needs to chip away at his time the board and job the board and probability include some an ideal opportunity to loosen up a little and set aside some effort for himself. He should look for more explanation from his manager on the best way to appropriately deal with his associates and conceivably even join a care group or some likeness thereof, perhaps an exchange the executives gathering or even put forth a greater amount of an attempt to get out with companions so he could vent or work it out. Larry ought to likewise take a shot at his time the executives and possibly go to his manager to talk about an increasingly adaptable work routine that would permit him additional time with family and still permit a salary.

Understanding The Principles Of Developing Postive Relationships Free Essays

1. 1:1 Why compelling correspondence is significant We are bound to convey data to each other on the off chance that we have positive connections. Guardians and different grown-ups who come into the school are bound to give gainful help if correspondence is solid and powerful †this, thus, benefits students. We will compose a custom paper test on Understanding The Principles Of Developing Postive Relationships or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now It is additionally significant for understudies that we model compelling relational abilities. This implies checking what we are stating some of the time in snapshots of stress or energy, with the goal that they can comprehend what our desires are in school. On the off chance that we request that students carry on with a specific goal in mind when conveying and afterward neglect to do so ourselves, they will think that its harder to comprehend the limits of what is adequate. Successful correspondence and positive connections don't occur by some coincidence. You should consider the manner in which you identify with others and the messages this conveys. In circumstances where correspondence separates, errors can prompt awful inclination. 1. 1:2 The standards of relationship building The standards of relationship working with childrenâ and grown-ups in any setting are that on the off chance that others are agreeable in our organization, they will be bound to convey viably. Where individuals don't get along or are dubious of each other, they are probably going to maintain a strategic distance from each other at every possible opportunity. Positive connections are not something which ought to be left_ to possibility and it is essential to consider the manners by which we can create them. We construct associations with others in school every day in various ways. Despite the fact that you may do a portion of these without essentially thinkingâ about it, it merits taking some effort to consider whether you do the entirety of the accompanying. ? Compelling correspondence †this is the key region for creating associations with others and furthermore covers a wide range of types of correspondence (see underneath). ? Indicating regard †so as to create positive associations with others, it is essential to be polite and conscious, and to tune in to their perspectives. Grown-ups and understudies with whom you work may likewise be from various societies and have various convictions or qualities from your own. Youâ should guarantee that you recognize and regard the perspectives on others consistently and set aside some effort to recall names and favored types of address. ? Being accommodating †set aside the effort to think about the places of others. You might be working with a kid or grown-up who is feeling the squeeze at a given time and need to comprehend why they may have acted or responded with a specific goal in mind or unusual. ? Recollecting issues which are close to home to them †it will consistently assist with building constructive connections on the off chance that you enquire a_er specific aspectsâ of another person’s life †for instance, in the event that you realize that an associate is worried about their kid getting into a specific auxiliary school, or in the event that you know that it is a child’s birthday. ? Setting aside effort to tune in to others †ensure that you set aside some effort to tune in to others, specifically on the off chance that they are requesting exhortation or help, or on the off chance that they have to trust in you. You ought to consistently show that you are keen on what they need to state and react fittingly. ? Being sure about key focuses †when you have discussions with others in which you are givingâ them data, you ought to consistently guarantee that they are clear what you have said toward the finish of the conversation. This is on the grounds that it tends to be anything but difficult to be diverted from the primary concern of the discussion. When conversing with youngsters, consistently request that they rehash back to you what they have to do. ? Keeping up a comical inclination †in spite of the fact that the idea of our work in school is significant, we ought to likewise here and there set aside effort to see the amusing side of various circu mstances. Chuckling can be a decent icebreaker and is additionally an incredible method of unwinding and alleviating pressure. The most effective method to refer to Understanding The Principles Of Developing Postive Relationships, Papers

quick thoughts

quick thoughts In my New Years Resolutions post, I wanted to make a promise to blog every week. Obviously, that hasnt happened. But Ive also had weeks where Ive blogged twice in a week so it basically makes up for it. I realize now that Im a blog behind so enjoy this extra little blog. I just wanted to update with some thoughts and things since the spring semesters started. 1. I dropped 6.009. So, after much deliberation and consideration and talking with people, I made the ultimate decision to drop 6.009. I have decided that taking five classes at MIT on top of a UROP and extracurriculars is hard. Dont take five classes unless you a) know you can handle it or b) absolutely have to. But even with (b), I dont recommend it. Ever since Ive dropped it and returned back to four classes, I am much happier! I have a lot more time in the day, now. I can use the time to go to the gym (I now work out 4-6 times a week rather than just 4!!!) and spend time with friends. 2. Im continuing my UROP at the MIT Education Arcade. Also after much deliberation with this one, after getting a different UROP in the Media Lab, I decided to keep my UROP with the MIT Education Arcade. I just found that I really liked the environment of the Education Arcade a lot more, and working with Meredith (my supervisor) and Melat (another UROP) was something I wasnt quite ready to give up yet. At my UROP, Im currently in charge of researching effects of previous gaming experience on gaming performance, as our research has to do with the effects of VR on learning. Its really interesting and I never really thought Id be all that into edtech but now its a field I am considering to pursue in the future! 3. I really, really like 6.08. 6.08 is my Intro to EECS via Embedded Systems class. Every week, were given design exercises, which essentially are these mini-projects with some specifications but no directions on implementation. Design exercises have ranged from making our own digital watch interface to making a system that returns weather conditions to trivia games. Here is one of the design exercises I made for the class: Please dont roast me for the bad wiring. I have never worked with a breadboard prior to this semester. Anyway, the class is difficult, but I think its the perfect level of difficulty. Its difficult enough where youre going to struggle, but you know its not impossible. This class honestly is the class that has shown me that 6-2/6-3 is a field I can enjoy and explore. Ive learned so,  so much in the five weeks Ive been in this class, and its improved my confidence in my coding abilities so much. Had you told high school senior year Cami that she would be doing this kind of stuff in only a year, she probably wouldnt have believed you. Prior to MIT, I only had about a year of coding experience under my belt, but kind of like..half-assed coding experience. It was basically a lot of me complaining about code, saying that APCSA was stupid, and that I will never ever be a computer science major ever. Well, look at here we are, stupid bitch. Youre a CS major, you can now code in C and Python, you know how breadboards work, youve done a bunch of fun labs and exercises, and youre enjoying it a lot. But in all seriousness, while it isnt always fun and games (I have legitimately cried because of how frustrated I get when I dont understand how to do an exercise, or when my design exercise code breaks), 6.08 has taught me so much. Also, Joe Steinmeyer is an absolute god. His lectures are incredibly engaging, entertaining, and fun, and I look forward to them every week. I highly, highly recommend taking 6.08 if youre looking to see if 6-2/6-3 is for you. 4. Im making an effort to be more social. This is something I really wanted to do a lot more in second semester! Ive been rushing joining more groups (I joined DT this semester!) and going to more events (Ive partied three weeks in a row. Perhaps this is not a good thing). Its really nice to walk around and know people and see familiar faces. 5. DT showings are next week. DT first showings are where everyone gets together and performs their dances to update the event coordinators on the progress of each group! Its a good time and its exciting to see everyone come together and perform. 6. Holy shit, I need to cook. Please. Please someone scream at me to cook. II havent cooked. Were out of snacks. Im going this Friday to buy groceries, but like. This is concerning. Someone please yell at me to cook. Thanks. 7. Have I mentioned Im in fencing? Im taking fencing. I hid the fact I was in a PE very briefly because I have this thing of when I tell people things, I never do it. So I made sure not to say anything until after I started actively going to the class (this also means that Ihave a lot of blogposts in progress but I cant really say anything because Im scared Im going to say something and then it ends up blowing up in my face. So. More posts on current things happening in my life probably in a month or so). Fencing is so fun! I like it a lot. I hope to take pistol next quarter, so I guess Im working my way to a pirates certificate. Ill probably take sailing next Spring and Im unsure for when Ill find the time to take archery. You should actually check out some of MITs PE classes. Theyre super cool. Anyway, thats really it from me. Hope this makes up for the fact I havent blogged in a bit! I really do miss it. Its just really hard to figure out what to write about when I cant really write about what Im doing at the moment because that means Ill flake on it. But some of the things I really, really want to blog about are going to be ending in about two weeks or so, so I should have some blogposts about those things up in a bit. Meanwhile, its midterm season! I have 8.02 midterm this Friday and then 6.042 next Wednesday. I am nervous. 6.042 is going to be my first official midterm on grades. Exciting, but simultaneously terrifying. Post Tagged #two posts? in one day? Yes

Is Obesity A Dangerous Disease - 876 Words

In modern day society, one of the largest issues that the United Stated of America is facing is obesity. The number of obese people is increasing on a yearly basis. This is an extremely problematic issue for multiple reasons. The definition of being obese is being grossly fat, and overweight. This excess of body fat on the human body has numerous amounts of health risks associated with it; the excess body fat makes it harder for your body to function properly, and can prevent you from living a healthy life style. The issue must be broken down into multiple parts in order to fully understand this disease. How is obesity prevalent, what health risks are associated with this wide spread disease, what prevention techniques can be applied, and how do we cure the disease once it has already struck? Once these four concepts are fully understood, it becomes extremely visible as to why this disease is spreading like wild fire across the United States. It is manifest that obesity is a dangerou s disease and has become an evolving issue within American society over the last few years. There are numerous factors as to why people become obese in todays modern day society. For example, simply lack of sleep can throw off the body’s hormonal levels of ghrelin and leptin. These hormones make you feel either hungry or full, when a person is sleep deprived the ghrelin levels increase and leptin levels decrease, this makes the person feel hungrier than when they naturally would be while wellShow MoreRelatedObesity : A Dangerous Disease1503 Words   |  7 PagesObesity is known as a condition where a person has excessive fat in their body and it is also defined as being a genetic and environmental factor, which can occur to anyone from child to adult. It is a factor where people eat the wrong foods and do not watch their diet. Obesity or overweight is a very dangerous disease because it can be the leading cause of diabetes, hypertension and even sleep apnea and many more sym ptoms can be caused by the disease. Obesity or overweight has become, a common factorRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The Health Organization905 Words   |  4 PagesBeing out of the healthy weight range is called obesity or overweight, which according to The World Health Organization, WHO, (2010 ) is measured by body mass index (BMI), which is the weight of the body over the height squared. People who have a BMI over 25 kg/m^(-2) are considered overweight, while people who have a BMI over 30 kg/m^(-2) are considered obese. Obesity can be the main cause of many cardiovascular diseases. This severe issue can be caused by many factors, and even though thereRead MoreBody Mass Index1378 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is a known disease that is found around us. Everywhere we go we see obese people. But what is obesity? Obesity is defined as having an excessive amount of body fat which applies to people who are overweight. There are many health risks that coincide with obesity, which makes it a dangerous disease. Furth ermore, obesity is becoming an enormous problem since it is increasing drastically. About 38% of the world population is obese and that percentage is steadily rising. So what causes theseRead MoreThe Negative Side Effects Of Obesity On Human Body946 Words   |  4 PagesThe Negative Side Effect Of Obesity on Human Body The rate of obesity has increased since 1970 to more than 30 %, more than two-thirds of Americans now are considered as overweight (Hojjat, 2015). Obesity is one of the problems that the world is facing nowadays. Obesity is a result of poor lifestyle and bad eating habits. Many people are suffering from the negative health consequences of obesity. In addition, many diseases are related to obesity such as heart diseases, high blood cholesterol, highRead MoreSugar And The American Diet895 Words   |  4 PagesSugar In American Diet The American diet is based mostly in processed food which contains enormous amount of sugar. The excessive consumption of sugar can cause diseases such as obesity, heart diseases, alzheimer, liver diseases, diabetes and others. One of the problems with the consumption of sugar is that people get sick progressively without the knowledge that it is caused by sugar. In addition, sugar is an addictive food and life without it is almost impossible. As a result, processed foodsRead MoreCause and Effect of Obesity Essay1057 Words   |  5 Pagesbuzzle.com/articles/obesity.html Overweight and obesity is the second leading cause of death, killing 300,000 people a year, ... There is not a miracle pill that will lead to weight loss ~ Richard Carmona Obesity is perhaps one of the most dangerous health problems increasing at an alarming rate due to various factors most of which are related to the changing lifestyles. Here is some basic information about obesity. What is obesity? Obesity is a condition where the fat layer accumulatesRead MoreShould Government Tax Sugary Drinks?1110 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 118 10/16/2012 Should Government Tax Sugary Drinks? Over the past few years, overweight and obesity have been the most troublesome problem in the united states and more than one-third of U.S. adults (around 35.7%) are obese according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) which could lead to heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some type of cancer. There are many things that could cause obesity but one of the main cause is sugary drinks. Sugary drinks contain chemical substance that could makeRead MoreJunk Food1546 Words   |  7 Pagesare several negative effects because of eating junk food without having control. There are three main negative effects which they are getting obesity because of the high amount of sugar and trans fat in the junk food, having diabetes later on due to the high amount of sugar and artificial flavors in the junk food, and heart diseases which is the most dangerous negative effect. Lack of health awareness in the society about the seriousness of junk food and lack of self-control in having junk food areRead MoreThe Food Industry Is Good At Selling Half Truths1480 Words   |  6 Pageshabits. More than that people have to realize that obesity does not only impact their physical appearance, but it is a health hazard. Between 1977 and 2000 Americans have doubled their intake of sugar, which has led to a global epidemic of obesity. The food industry is good at selling half-truths since they are making America an â€Å"obesogenic† environment. The sugar industry and large food companies are the prime culprits behind America’s obesity and diabetes epidemic. According to former PresidentRead MoreThe American Medical Association (AMA) has declared obesity a disease. Obesity means that an900 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Association (AMA) has declared obesity a disease. Obesity means that an individual has too much body weight that could possibly cause a health risk. Having a body-mass index (BMI) of 35 or higher makes an individual morbidly obese. A healthy BMI would be from 20 to 24.9. The United States has one of the highest obesity rates in the world with an estimated of 36% of American adults suffering from it. It is important to not label obesity as a disease because it leads 78 million adults and 12

Oedipus and Othello Essay - 573 Words

We as humans repress certain emotion to help us forget about a tragic event. In psychology catharsis is a form of technique that is used to relieve any type of anxiety by bringing repressed feelings and fears to consciousness. In tragic plays catharsis is the emotion that makes the audience feel pity, fear, and a sense of relief instead of hopelessness in the end of the play. In the tragedies Oedipus the king by Sophocles and Othello the moor of Venice by Shakespeare we feel these same emotions towards Oedipus and Othello. We pity them as the audience is faced with their tribulation. We fear because failure can hit anyone and it shows that we humans are easily susceptible. In the end the audience comes to an understanding of relief instead†¦show more content†¦We see Oedipus wife/ mother commit suicide and Oedipus blinds himself. Othello believes that he must kill the women he loves, that is innocent to rumor he held against her. Then kills him to justify the crime he commit s when he finds out the truth. The audience feels this pity even though we are repulsed by these actions. Shakespeare and Sophocles made their heroes to be these strong men with confidence, power, stature and strong judgment of reason. As both Oedipus and Othello have high standings. Like any hero they have to fulfill a quest to save both their countries. Oedipus the king of Thebes must save his kingdom from the plague and Othello the brave and skillful commander that must keep Cyprus away from the Turks. Failure is not an option for these men but, as we know their fates are not in their hands. Seeing failure in our heroes is what gives the audience a harsh reminder that we are not all that powerful and we are easily susceptible. Look at Oedipus he runs away from his fate but instead it caught up to him. Revealing the truth, he killed his real father and innocently has sexual intercourse with his mother. In the end he blinds himself and is banished from Thebes. Othello the deeply in love with his wife and was told that she was having affair with his second commanding officer. In the end he killed his wife and committed suicide. To take away ones hope is dangerous to play with, Sophocles explores thisShow MoreRelatedEssay on Oedipus and Othello 1793 Words   |  8 Pagesliterature, particularly, the will of the gods is commonly attributed to human experiences. In Oedipus the King, for instance, the oracle’s message that Oedipus will kill his father and marry his own mother suggests that he was a puppet in the hands of the gods, who manipulated the events that led to his fall. However, the character’s fate is not entirely attributable to the work of the gods. In the play, Oedipus meets his fate due to his determination to unravel the mysteries surrounding the king’s deathRead MoreEssay on Pride in Oedipus and Othello1727 Words   |  7 PagesPride in Oedipus and Othello   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In literature, the tragic heroes Oedipus and Othello allow the pride they have to cause their own demise by putting too much emphasis on the lives they have created for themselves. Oedipus, who blinds himself after finding out he has killed his birth father and married his birth mother, refuses to believe he has truly fulfilled his fate because he is so proud of what he has accomplished since he left Corinth. Othello demonstrates his pride by believing thatRead MoreCompare And Contrast Oedipus And Othello1816 Words   |  8 PagesWhen asked to think of a classic play that shaped the whole of literature, some of the most common answers will include Oedipus by Sophocles and Othello by William Shakespeare. Both of these texts are held in high regard as some of the greatest writing of our time, not only for their command and use of language but for their intricately woven storylines and tragic endings. Both title characters were written as tragic characters, and as s uch their stories result in unhappy endings for all involvedRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Oedipus Rex And Shakespeare s Othello And Oedipus 2344 Words   |  10 PagesThe definition of a tragedy is a narrative poem or story that describes the downfall of a good man. Both Othello and King Oedipus Rex Fall into this class of literature, even though they were written by two totally different authors and in two utterly different time periods. These two works share several comparisons to every different, while having an honest quantity of variations similarly. Pride is characterized as one of the seven deadliest sins. Most pleased individuals will never see themselvesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Oedipus And Othello 982 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus and Othello are two of the most known tragic heroes throughout all of literature. While there are some noticeable differences between the two there are also many similarities between the two characters. With the amount of similarities betwe en the two plays Shakespeare must have been inspired by Oedipus and Sophocles when he was writing Othello. Oedipus the king’s main conflict is based around Greek mythology in that from the time Oedipus is born it is prophesied by the Gods that he is goingRead MoreA Comparative of Shakespeares Othello and Oedipus Rex1511 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Othello and Oedipus Rex In Shakespeare’s work Othello: The Moor of Venice, Othello’s over trusting nature was revealed when his trust in false accusations about his wife Desdemona’s unfaithfulness causes him to kill her and himself, conveying Othello as a tragic hero. Oedipus, the main character in Oedipus Rex, is characterized as a tragic hero when he tries to run away from his fate and finds out that the cause of his fate was his attempt to escape it. Oedipus Rex and Othello share a commonRead MoreComparison of Othello and Oedipus the King Essay525 Words   |  3 Pages *INTRO*The character Oedipus in the play Oedipus the King by Sophocles, and the character Othello in the play Othello the Moor of Venice by Shakespeare are both tragic characters. Oedipus ends up killing his father, and marrying and having children with his mother, whereas Othello ends up mistrusting and killing his wife. These two individuals have similarities and differences in several aspects such as the roundness of their characters, the retribution that they incur upon themselves and uponRead MoreComparing the Downfalls of Sophocles Oedipus and Shakespeares Othello1262 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus and Othello were both honorable and heroic men that became the victims of tragic downfalls that can be compared and contrasted with each other. Sophocles, the writer of Oedipus the King, and Williams Shakespeare, the writer of Othello, were both enormously influential playwrights of their respective generations and their legacy continues today. The two playwrights made their masterpieces during different eras; Sophocles life coincided with the Golden Age of Greek tragedy and ShakespeareRead MoreEssay on Pride and the Tragic Hero in Oedipus Rex and Othello1217 Words   |  5 PagesPride and the Tragic Hero in Oedipus Rex and Othello   Ã‚  Ã‚   Pride is one of the seven deadly sins. Most proud people will never consider themselves to be truly proud until they come face to face with the consequences of their pride. Sophocles and Shakespeare both address this dilemma in their plays Oedipus Rex and Othello. Through their nobility, their tragic flaws, the fall these flaws cause, and the suffering and wisdom they derive from these falls, Oedipus and Othello reveal the true characterRead MoreTo What Extent are ‘Othello’ and Oedipus Rex Perfect Examples of Tragedy1149 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was written between 1601 and 1603. It was first performed in the Elizabethan courts during the Christmas season. The idea of a ‘perfect’ tragedy is the idea that the tragedy is faultless; it does what is expected; so makes the audience feel empathy and sympathy for the characters who suffer. There are two different types of tragedy: classical tragedy and Shakespearean tragedy. The tragic hero in this play is the main character, Othello. Othellos misfortune comes about because of his

Business Studies Free Essays

What does the nature of business mean ? Usually, when filling out some kind of form, â€Å"nature of business† refers to the type or general category of business or commerce you are describing. For example, if you worked at McDonald’s, the nature of your business is food services. â€Å"Nature of Business† means what type of business your are doing? like Wholesale, Retail or Service, Manufacturing, Marketing, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now If you want more specific, then HBA wholesale, Car Service, Furniture manufacturing, health Drinks Marketing, etc. The nature of business, means what exactly your business is doing and what is the service/product you are offering. For example the nature of â€Å"Walmart† as a business is â€Å"Retail† and the nature of â€Å"Microsoft† is â€Å"Software. † Internal and External Influences on businesses The external environment includes those factors over which the business has little control, such as government policy, technology, economic conditions and social attitudes. The internal environment includes these factors over which the business has some degree of control, such as products, location, resources, management and business culture. External Influences on business  ·Economic  ·Financial  ·Markets  ·Competitive siuation Technological  ·Institutional  ·Political  ·Legal  ·Social  ·Geographic If you had a shop and everyone decided to go to another shop that would be an econmic disaster! If this continues for a month then the business would close, employees would be laid off, and landlords and suppliers will not be paid. Charasteristics of boom perios – Higer lever of employment -Inflation may increase – The level of spending by consumers increases as they have more confidence in the economy Characteristics of recessi on period – Unemployment levels rise – Inflation may remain stable or fall Wages are less likely to rise as employers – The level of spending usually decreases Internal influences on Business – Product – The types of good and services will affect the internal operations of a business, The product influence and the size of the business -Location -A good location is an asset and will lead to high levels of sales and profits and a bad location is a liability that adversely affects sales and products  ·Location Factors – Visibility, promixity to customers, promixity to suppliers and promiximity to support devices -Management- Resource management -Business culture Failure to SME failure  ·Failure to plan  ·lack of information  ·leaderhsip skills  ·inaccurate record keeping  ·new taxes  ·not enough sales  ·economic turndown  ·staff difficulties Success to SMEs  ·Entrepemtual abilities How to cite Business Studies, Essay examples Business Studies Free Essays string(63) " his knowledge of management in a unique and different manner\." This helps in increasing productivity and efficiency and minimization of wastage of time/cost. Due to power feature most of the times, Mr., Ram, operates on double shift in order to complete target production. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now He is able to achieve target but at higher cost. Mr.. Ramie’s main consideration is cost cutting . So he concentrates more on producing goods with fewer resources. He is unable to achieve target production. Mr.. Joy uses minimum resources to chives target production and is also able produce goods is at lower cost. A) In the above case two important aspect of management have been highlighted, which are alike two sides of the same coin. Identify those two aspects. B) Identify the principle of Payola being followed in Learner’s Ltd. (c ) Identify the principle of payola being followed in Learner’s Ltd. (d) Though Mr.. Ram and Mr.. Ihram have failed to achieve both the aspects identified in part (a) above, yet they strives to achieve the same. Identify the value being highlighted. Answer: (a) The two concepts referred above are † efficiency† and â€Å"Effectiveness†. (b) Mr.. Joy, has considered both the aspects. C ) Principle of order (d) Respons ibility : By taking care of one’s own responsibility and striving for achieving efficiency and effectiveness. 2. Management of EX. Ltd. Fulfills all its objectives and the organization is able to work effectively and efficiently. It is using environment friendly methods of production and disposing off the waste material either by recycling it or using the same for landfill in such a manner that the aquatic life is not disturbed. Thus it also provides employment opportunities to the disadvantaged sections of the society. It was also decided that the remuneration payable to the disadvantaged sections Of the society should be fair to both employees and the employer. (a) Identify the objective of Management of EX. Ltd. Which it want to fulfill by ongoing the above activities. (b) State the other two objectives that the management of EX. Ltd. Should fulfill. (c ) Identify the principle of payola being referred in the above case. (d) Identify any two values which EX. Ltd. Wants to communicates to the society through its above stated activities. (a) the objectives of management of EX. Ltd. Which is wants to fulfill by doing the above stated activities is social objective. (b) (l) Organization objectives and (II) personal objective. (c ) (l) principle of ‘Remuneration of employees’ (d) (l) Sensitivity towards Environment: By using the waste material for cycling and landfill. (II) Responsibility : By providing employment opportunities to the disadvantaged section of the society 3. Raja Ltd. Is engaged in manufacturing electrical appliances. The company has been facing lot of problems for the last few months because of chaos between two departments two departments biz; Production Department for delayed production. However, Production Department blames sales Department for poor sales. The force can integrate the two Departments is missing. Moreover in the production department both the management’ and the ‘ workers’ do not realize the importance of each other. There is no corporation, Mutual confidence and sense of goodwill between the managers and workers. (a) Identify the missing force in the above case. (b) Identify which principle of Taylor is being referred above. (c ) List any two values which can be cultivated among the employees by using the force identified in (a) above. A) Coordination (b) Cooperation, Not Individualism (c ) (l) Cooperation : By integrating all group efforts. (II) Unity : By ensuring that all activities aim at accomplishment of organizational goals 4. EX. power Ltd. Set up a factory for manufacturing solar lanterns in a emote village as there was no reliable supply of electricity in rural areas. The revenue earned by the company was Increasing day by day, so the company decided to increase production to generate higher sales. For this, they decided to employ people from nearby villages as very few job opportunities were available in that area. The company alias decided to open schools and crà ¨ches for the children of its employees. (I) identify the and explain the objectives of management discussed above. (II) State any two values which the company wanted to communicate to the society. (I) The objectives of management referred to are: a) organizational objectives These refer to the utilization of human and material resources considering the interest of all stakeholders. (b)Social objectives These refer to the creation of benefit for various constituents of the society. If an example has explained survival and growth as objectives of management instead of organizational objectives, full credit is to be given) (II) Values which the company wanted to communicate to the society are : (Any two) (a) providing employment opportunities (b) Development Of backward regions. (c ) Providing basic amenities to employees. D )Concern for the environment. ( or any other correct value) 5. Mega Ltd. Was manufacturing water- heaters. In th e first year of its operations , the revenue earned by the company was just sufficient to meet its costs. To increases the revenue, the company analyzed the reason of less revenue. After analysis the company decided. (l) To reduce cost by shifting the manufacturing unit to a backward area where labor was available at a very low rate. (II) To start manufacturing solar water – heater and reduce the production of electric water- heaters slowly. This will not only help in covering the risk, but also help in meeting other objectives too. (a) Identify and explain the objectives of management discussed above. (b) (a) The objectives of management referred to are: Organizational objectives (b) Social objectives these refer to the creation of benefit for various constituents of the society. If an example has explained survival and growth as objectives Of management instead of organizational objectives, full credit is to be given ) (II) Values which the company wanted to communicate to the society are: (a) Providing employment opportunities (b) Development of backward regions. C ) concern for the environment. (or any other correct value) 6. AR Raman is the first In dian to to win Oscar award for his composition ‘Jaw Ho’ His composition of music is unique and different as he has used the singing notes in a manner that is entirely his own interpretation. Like A. R Raman, Mr.. Rakes , General Manager in wave Ltd. Uses his knowledge of management in a unique and different manner. You read "Business Studies" in category "Papers" All the employees working under his guidance are happy and satisfied because of his behavior. He everyday rewards/ appreciates the employees for coming office on time, performing their signed tasks with best of their capabilities. Moreover, Mr.. Rakes treats all his employees as fairly as possible. He does not discriminates his employees on the basis of sex, religion, caste, belief etc. (a) Identify the nature of the management highlighted above. (b) State two others ways in which nature of management can be explained. C ) Identify the values that Rakes wants to in calculate in his employees . Also explain how? (a) Nature of management highlighted above is ‘Management is an art’ (b) The other ways in which nature of management can be explained are : (l) The Management as science and; II) Management as profession. (c ) Principle of ‘equity’ (I) Good behavior in human interaction : Because all employees working under his guidance are area happy and satisfied because of his behavior. (II) Discipline/Punctuality: By rewarding the employees who come in t: mime. (Ill) Responsibility : By rewarding the employees for performing their assigned tasks . . Pizza Home is a chain of stores making pizzas, located at different states of India. Earlier the process of making the entire Pizza was assigned to individual worker. And thus, the standard regarding taste, quality, shape etc. As not uniform and the company was not getting good response from customers. The company decided that instead of assigning the whole job of making pizza to one employee, different employees were give n the task of making pizza bases, preparing toppings , baking of pizza, packaging etc. The effects of all the employees are directed towards the achievement of common organization goals. As a result, each employee has gained perfection and specialization in his job and improved his efficiency and effectiveness. It was also decided that every branch of Pizza Home all over India Would austerities first Ten baked pizzas to poor people. (a) Identify the principle of Payola being followed by pizza Home. OR Identify and explain the principle of management being followed Pizza Home. (b )latently the feature of management being referred above. (c ) Identify the value being referred above. (a) Division fork (b) Management is a Goal oriented process (c ) Respect towards the poor: By distributing first ten baked pizzas to poor people. . Tanya Sahara and Salaam Khan, having same educational qualifications, are working as Managers in Alfa Ltd. The management of Alpha Ltd. Enables it to provide better quality goods services generating employment opportunities, increasing wealth of nation etc. Tanya Sahara belongs to a rural area where employment opportunities area very less wherea s Salaam Khan belongs to an urban area Ignoring many other differences between the two, management of Alfa Ltd. Appointed then as Assistant Manager, On the same salary packages of RSI. 45,000 per month. A) Name and briefly explain the principle of management being followed in the above case. (b) identify the value which Management of Alfa Ltd. Wants to communicate to the society. C ) identify the value which management of Alfa Ltd. Wants to communicate to the society. (a) Principle of Equity’ (l) the principle of equity implies that similar treatment is SSL_Jeered to employees in similar positions. (II) According to this principle, managers should be fair and impartial while dealing with their subordinates and there should be no discrimination on the basic of sex, religion, language, caste, belief, nationality etc. Ill) Equity is essential to create and maintain cordial relations between a manger and his subordinates. (b) Management helps in Development of the Society. C ) Eq uity By not discriminating on the basis of gender, Caste, religion region and sex providing equal opportunities to grow. 9. Zee Ltd. Was not performing well. After detailed analysis it was discovered that workers of the production department were not satisfied with the behavior of Mr.. Jay the production Manager as workers were forced to work for long hours without any rest. Keeping this in view this the management decided his M. B. A from MM Mandated. Mr.. Ajar analyzed the work which involved heavy manual labor. He allowed small pauses to the workers so that they could recharge their energy for optimum contribution. He also conducted a detailed analysis on the environment in which the business exist and thus he used to change the goals, plans, policies according to the needs of the environment. (a) Name the technique of scientific management adopted by Mr.. Ajar. (b) He further desires to find out the best ways of doing a job. Suggest him the technique of scientific Management. (c ) Identify the feature of management being referred above. (d) State the ‘Values’ which Mr.. Ajar want to communicates to the society by allowing small pauses to workers. (a) Fatigue study (b) Method study. (c ) Management is Dynamic Function d) Respect towards employees/Humanism/ Sympathy 10. NNE of the principles Of scientific management emphasis that there should be a complete mental revolution on the part of both management and workers. Workers and managers should know the importance of each other. Both the groups should good understanding between them. (a) Name and explain the principle of scientific management involved above. (b) Fool emphasized team spirit Of unity and harmony among employees. Name and explain the principle. (c ) Name the common values emphasized in (a) and (b) above. (a) Harmony not discord : Taylor has emphasized that there should be complete harmony between the workers and the management since if there is any conflict between the two, it will not be beneficial either for the workers or the management. Hence, both management and workers should realize the importance of each other. (b) E spirit De corps : According to Fool, † Management should promote team spirit of unity and harmony among employees†. In order to achieve organizational objectives, Management should promote team work and coordination. (c ) (l) Harmony (II) Cooperation 1 1 -One of the principles of scientific Management emphasizes that † to make he employees learn the † best method† Of production, training to workers is essential†. It further emphasizes that each person should be scientifically selected and the work assigned to the employees should suit their physical, mental and intellectual capabilities. (a) Name and explain the principle of scientific management involved. (b) Name the principle of scientific management which is concerned with selecting the best way of performing a job through application of scientific analysis and not by intuition or hit and trial methods. (c ) Name the value emphasized by following the principles in part (a) above. ) Development of each and every person to his or greatest efficiency and ability. Taylor emphasized that to attain efficiency, steps should be taken right from the Efficient employees produce more to earn more. (b) Science not rule of thumb. (c ) (l) Growth for all (II) Prosperity for workers and company 12. Shanghais ( a foreman of Hair Ltd. ) is given the responsibility of meeting production target of 1 ,OHO TV. Sets in a month. The target can be completed by p lacing 100 workers under him. Presently, only 80 workers are working under him. He is not giver the authority to employ 20 more workers. Hair Ltd. Fulfills financial needs, social needs and higher level needs of these employees. As a result, he fails to meet the target. (a) Which principle of Payola is not applied here? Or Which principle is being violated in the above case. (b) Explain in brief the principle which should be applied in the above case. (c ) Identify the objective of management being referred above. (a) Authority and Responsibility (b) there should be balance between authority and responsibility. If an employee has been assigned any responsibility, he must be given sufficient authority to do his job efficiently. (c ) Personal Objectives. 3. Ship enterprises is a small organization manufacturing cloth and jute bags. It follows the functional organizational structure. There is separate department for finance, marketing production and Human resource. These departments are well co- ordinate there is a congenial work environment and employees are happy and satisfied . The employees and encouraged to develop and carry out plans for improvements in the organization leading to a feeling of ownership among them. Besides, the company provides nutritious and hygienic lunch tit its staff and a good creche facilities for its employees children. A) Name any one feature and one principle of management highlighted in the above case. (b) Identify any two values which Ship Enterprises wants to (l) Management is an intangible force (II) Initiative (b) Fulfilling social responsibility/ Concern for the health of the employees : By providing nutritious and hygienic lunch to all the staff and creche facility for the children of its employees’ 14. BBC Ltd. Was involved in business of manufacturing leather and selling products under a famous brand ‘X’ workers worked according to their past experiences as per the traditional methods. To meet the increasing demand or its product, and in order to keep the market share, the existing workforce was instructed to analyses their work scientifically work overtime, which resulted in many problems. The department, which was previously producing one type Of product, was asked to produce more than one type of products which leads to overlapping and wastage. Small jobs were combined into bigger jobs. The efficiency of workers declined due to increased workload . At times, the workers worked under many superiors and everything in the factory got misplaced due to interference of many persons, which caused hindrance to the activities. This reduced the team spirit among the workers. Lowered their morale as they felt cheated and indiscipline was induced. Intelligent employees stopped themselves to develop carry out plans for improvements. Resultantly, Quality of products declined and market share decreased. How to cite Business Studies, Papers

Growth and Development of Small and Medium Enterprises

Question: Discuss about the Growth and Development of Small and Medium Enterprises. Answer: Introduction Background Small and Medium Enterprises also known as SMEs contribute about 99.7 percent of the global business enterprises(Fayolle, 2007). Since they are very important in industrial and economic development of most countries, proper policy mechanism need to be developed to facilitate their growth. Most of the SMEs in order to remain competitive employ the use of technology to give them a competitive advantage. The use of technology improves not only on the types of products produced by SMEs, but also on the services they offer; it also reduces the cost of production by enhancing the efficiency of production material use; use of conventionally cheaper production materials and savings on energy use during production(Hakikur, 2011). Problem statement Even with the advancement in technology, most SMEs have not taken full advantage of it for their growth and development(Conference, 2004). This might be due to lack of innovativeness or lack of information about how they can integrate technological use in their operations to enhance their productivity. This limits their ability to compete effectively in the industry. For example, in Australia, about 25 percent of small enterprises and 56 percent of medium enterprises, make use of internet for e-commerce(Gale, 2005). Businesses constantly need to be innovative in order to grow and develop. AsTucker ( 2008) argued, innovation is the best way for stimulating growth in a firm. In order for businesses to develop, they have to choose an innovative approach which will give them a competitive advantage in the business industry. The purpose of this study will be to establish the influence of innovation on the growth and development of SMEs in Australia. Main Objectives The main objective is to investigate how innovation influences the growth of SMEs. Specific Objectives To determine how technological innovation practice influences the growth of SMEsTo investigate the influence of product and service innovations on the growth of SMEsTo establish how process innovation might affect the growth of SMEs. Research questions How does the technological innovations impact on the growth of SMEs in Australia? How does product innovation influence the growth of SMEs? Does process innovation influence the growth of SMEs? Justification This study is important because the use of technology and innovations has a huge impact on the growth and development of the economy(Lloyd-Reason Sear, 2007). Low level of technological use can reduce the growth of SMEs and consequently reduce economic growth, while a high level of technological use can enhance the growth and development of SMEs, and consequently enhance economic growth(Vyas, 2014). Therefore, there is a need to understand the influence of innovation and technological use by SMEs Literature Review Most countries view SMEs as viable options to enhance the growth and development of their economies; and Australia is no exception. In Australia, SMEs are very significant for economic growth and development. For example, SMEs contribute about 99.7 percent of the non-agricultural businesses in the private sector and employ about 73.8 percent of the non-agricultural workforce in the private sector(Hayes, 2009). In Australia, 52.3 percent of the gross domestic product in the industry is produced by the SMEs and about 51 percent of the total revenue from exports. The future of the Australias economy depends on these enterprises. Given their small and limited sizes, they are very flexible and with the use of technological advancement they can be very resourceful in economic growth and development(Lloyd-Reason Sear, 2007). Methodology This study will be a cross sectional descriptive survey. A sample of 9 manufacturing business in Australia will be selected. Stratified random sampling and purposive sampling techniques will be used in getting a sample of 46 respondents. The study population consisting of 9 manufacturing businesses, will be organized into three strata: involved in innovation related activities. The strata will be: RD, Manufacturing, and Sales and Marketing in the businesses. Data Collection The data will be collected using a structured questionnaire. It will first be piloted to six businesses in different localities which are not part of the targeted respondents. The validity of the instrument will be tested using expert opinion while its reliability will be tested using half-split method. The data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences V.2. A sampling Frame will be obtained by the assistance from local government offices. Measurement of Variables Technological innovation This variable will be measured by modification and adoption of new technological information, access and skills. The use of technological networks, computers, and ICT will be rated on a scale of 1-10. Product Innovation This will be measured by introducing new products, and enhancing the functionality and characteristics of the existing products. Process Innovation This will be measure by analyzing the extent of changes in the techniques used, equipment and software. Growth of SMEs This will be measure by the increase in the number of employees, customers and profitability. Expected Research Findings The expected results from this research are that, the SMEs that employ the use of technology and innovation in their businesses, are more successful than those who do not. This will depict a situation whereby the use of technology is seen to impact positively to the growth and development of the SMEs. It is expected that this positive growth of the SMEs will impact positively to the national economy of Australia. It is also expected that some SMEs are reluctant to use technology in their operations because they feel more secure using the old outdated methods, and think that the technological advancements might be risky to their businesses. Therefore, not all SMEs are expected to employ technology and innovation in their businesses; even though they know that it might be beneficial. Some of the challenges that are expected form the research are that, some of the respondents might be unwilling to answer the questionnaires, or disclose some information that they think is top-secret in their business; some might also give misleading information. However, in spite of this challenges, it is expected that the study will be successful. References Conference, I.R.M.A.I. (2004) Innovations through Information Technology: 2004 Information Resources Management Association International Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, May 23-26, 2004. Idea Group Inc (IGI). Fayolle, A. (2007) Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education: A general perspective. Edward Elgar Publishing. Gale, T. (2005) Small Business Sourcebook: General small business topicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯; General small business resources (includes State and Federal sections). Thomson/Gale. Hakikur, R. (2011) SMEs and Open Innovation: Global Cases and Initiatives: Global Cases and Initiatives. IGI Global. Hayes, G. (2009) A Practical Guide to Business Valuations for SMEs. CCH Australia Limited. Lloyd-Reason, L. and Sear, L. (2007) Trading Places--SMEs in the Global Economy: A Critical Research Handbook. Edward Elgar Publishing. Tucker, R.B. (2008) Driving Growth Through Innovation: How Leading Firms Are Transforming Their Futures. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Vyas, V. (2014) Low-Cost, Low-Tech Innovation: New Product Development in the Food Industry. Routledge.

Expository license free essay sample

Teenagers Death Turning sixteen years old in teenagers lives is an exciting event. It allows them to get a drivers license and is a big step towards adulthood. With this, it gives them freedom and control over something they have never experienced before. In most cases, people stress about gangs, drugs, and violence in our communities as a big result of teenage deaths, but the leading causes of accidents today are teenage drivers especially sixteen and seventeen year olds. In most European Countries, teenagers arent able to earn a license until they are at least seventeen or eighteen years old. There have been less fatal crashes among teens in these countries because of this, compared to other teenagers around the world. For the most part, sixteen and seventeen year olds dont realize the importance and responsibility that comes when getting a drivers license. They feel it is something to play around with and dont take it seriously. We will write a custom essay sample on Expository license or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They consider there driver license as a way of being free. For instance, immaturity is a cause of being   irresponsible. Because of this there are many accidents that happen that could have been prevented. Allan F. Williams, an author for Public Health Reports writes about the characteristics all teenagers have in common. He observes that Qualities generally associated with immaturity (such as chance taking, testing limits, poor decision-making, overconfidence) are associated with the more risky driving styles characteristic of teenage drivers. Almost half of the accidents today caused by teenagers were linked to peer pressure and immaturity. Often, in teenagers lives, they look towards their friends for advice and guidance rather than their teachers, parents, and others. There are a lot of reasons for this and the biggest one is peer pressure. Teenagers are at a stage in their lives where it isnt cool to listen to mom and dad. They prefer fitting in with the social group from school land not consider there lives and the people who care for them. Therefore when their friends tell them things to do or say, they are more willing to do it just for the sake of fitting in. On the other hand, if the teens themselves craft and deliver safety messages, without fear of ostracism by their peers, lasting behavior modification can result. So in other words, teenagers peers and friends have the biggest influence on them than anyone else. This is why it is hard for their behavior to be changed, but it could be done. It might be a stage that they are going through but nevertheless,   teenagers also often think of themselves as invincible. Vice President Susan Ferguson, of research at the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety says, Once they get their license, its much more difficult to get teen-agers to listen to you. But there are parents with big families who count on their teenagers to help with car pooling   the younger children. By doing this, both the teen and the siblings lives could be put at stake. The younger the driver, the scarier the statistics writes Barbara Fields, an author of an article in the magazine Better Homes and Gardens.   It takes around two to three years before any driver is completely experienced. Even though when teenagers get their license, it frees parents from taking their child and their friends places, I think parents would rather hear their children complain about not getting their license for a couple of years, than have a dead child as a result of reckless driving. It is obvious that eighteen year olds are more mature than sixteen year olds. According to Morris Chafetz, a writer for the Knight-Ridder/Tribune News Service, he cites that Fatality rates dramatically decrease once young drivers reach 18, as maturity and judgment come to the fore. Even though this is only a two year gap between ages, it can make all the difference when a teen needs to make a quick decision while behind the wheel. 16-year-old drivers, have the highest fatality rates of all age groups; make more mistakes that lead to deadly crashes; and cause more deaths by speeding and traveling with multiple passengers of all age groups. It is no wonder why there are so many accidents that occur today. Since once they feel they earn their driving license they believe they are able to do anything they wish, without measuring the consequence that may arise. Teenagers are young kids that believe they are fully grown and what they dont realize they still have a whole life to experience. So why is the driver licensing age sixteen? Perhaps it is because parents and others who dont want to inconvenient themselves, and battle with teenagers. This why there are millions of accidents involving more than two teenagers per vehicle. It may be a little scary to think that a parents child may never come home again because of a result of careless driving by other teenagers. Letting this teenagers drive without having exceed their full potential lead to death. Also, earning a drivers license is, one of the most easily attained documents in the United States   Because of this, there are many people that are able to get a license that dont know how to drive very well. They are putting people out on the streets when they are not ready to make smart quick decisions when the time arises.

Globalization and Language Essay Example

Globalization and Language Essay Example Globalization and Language Essay Globalization and Language Essay Globalization is the process of something becoming global, being transformed from a local or regional phenomena into a global one. With globalization, there is a movement of people coming together, unifying into a single society and functioning together. This process is not only an economic one, but also affects the technologies, politics, and cultures of the entire world. It is facilitated by the media of communications. Through radio and satellite information, we can reach the entire globe almost instantly; important events, or those deemed important by the people controlling the media, are broadcast around the world. This rapid flow of information around the earth is the globalization of knowledge, which is generally a good thing. However, with globalization there is the fear of homogenization when it comes to local cultures and customs. With popular culture being broadcast everywhere and imitated, the entire world is slowly starting to look, sound, smell, and even taste the same, no matter where you travel. This effect of globalization is commonly seen as a negative consequence of the modern world. Since the sharing of information is an integral part of globalization, the language or languages this information is transmitted in is fundamental to the process. Currently, experts believe there are around 6,500 languages in use today. Out of those, however, only 11 languages account for more than half of what the world’s population speaks daily. Those languages include Mandarin Chinese, Spanish, Hindi, French, Bengali, Portuguese, Russian, German, Japanese, Arabic, and English. : On the flip side, it is believed that more than half of the world’s languages have fewer than 5,000 people currently speaking it, and on average one language is lost every two weeks. Since language is one of the major signifiers and connecting factors of a culture, it can be inferred by just looking at these statistics that so many languages being lost and barely used is an indicator of the loss of those cultures as well. It is easy to see that with globalization, imported cultures can push out the indigenous ones- wiping out the smaller cultures and languages while homogenizing the local linguistic varieties. A good example of this is Canada. When the area was first colonized in the early 1600s, there were over 60 active languages being spoken. Now however, apart from the domination of English and French, only one native language has succeeded somewhat in staying alive: Inuktitut, spoken in the Northern regions of Canada by approximately 35,000 Inuits. Extreme examples such as this, however, are due to a very forced kind of globalization whereby the new culture has taken over and, in many cases, purposely wiped out the native customs. Left to its own devices, though, similar results will occur, just over a longer period of time. There is evidence, on the other hand, that this theory of linguistic homogenization may not be the case. Recently, steps have been taken to help preserve those minority languages that are at risk of being lost like so many already have. The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML), for example, is a treaty adopted in 1992 under the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe, applying only to those languages traditionally used by the nationals of the specific country, thereby excluding languages used by recent immigrants. These protected languages cannot be merely local dialects of the official or majority languages, though, and must either have a territorial basis, traditionally spoken by populations of regions within the State, or be used by linguistic minorities within the State as a whole, thus including languages such as Yiddish and Romani which are used over a large geographic area including multiple countries. The treaty sets out a number of specific measures to promote minority languages over all fields of public life, of which the country must choose at least 35 to enact. This charter has been used by more than 20 European countries, most notably in Spain where Basque, Catalan, and Galician have all won co-official status, in order to maintain and develop Europe’s cultural traditions and heritage, but also to respect the right to use a minority language in private and public life. The fact that this treaty was made and the reasoning behind it illustrates the importance languages have to our cultures and the growing concern over their possible extinction. Due to the way globalization works, it would make sense that the most widely spoken language would also be the dominating culture, but this isn’t quite true. Chinese is the language with the most number of speakers, with estimates of well over 1 billion people currently using it. English has only over half the number of speakers Chinese does, but is listed as the official or co-official language of over 45 countries. This makes more sense when you see that China’s population is around 1. billion, while the combined populations of the United States and the UK don’t quite reach 400 million. However, nearly 2 billion people are currently learning English and it is the de facto language of science, aviation, computing, diplomacy, and tourism. Also, over half of all Internet websites are written in English, and it is still the most commonly used language between people of different linguistic backgrounds. With such a large chunk of the world speaking Chinese, however, you would think that English would not dominate the world so heavily. There are quite a few reasons why English has won out in the past, though. First and foremost, because it was the official language of the British Empire, which comprised of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled by the United Kingdom that had originated with the colonies and trading posts established in the 16th and 17th centuries. This was the beginning of the spread of English and globalization as a whole. By the 1920s, the British Empire covered nearly a quarter of the earth’s landmass and ruled about a quarter of the world’s population, all of which was governed by the English language. What’s interesting to note is that some of these previously colonized nations have chosen to keep English as their official language. This can be seen in India, where in 1950, the freed government decided to name Hindi as the official language and planned to phase out all use of English by 1965. However, since India has so many linguistic and ethnic minorities contained in it’s territory with more than 400 native languages, it was decided that having English as its official language, and Hindi as co-official, would be a more ‘ethnically neutral’ option. This decision to use English because of its neutrality can be seen in other places as well. In Iraq, the Kurdish officials refuse to do business with the central government in Arabic, instead choosing English. Because they know that the government will not nderstand their own native tongue, they use English as a symbol of resistance to the cultural and political hegemony of the Arabic-speaking majority. Also, in some former French colonies where French is the ethnically neutral lingua franca, people are starting to see English as a better option not only for its versatility in the world, but also because promoting English rather than French can be a kind of resistance to neo-colonialism in their country. C urrently, English still thrives as the most popular language because it has become a business tool. With much of the world’s economy tied up in English-speaking countries, such as the United States, and a common language needed to be able to communicate, it only makes sense that the major power would determine what language will dominate the world market. This choice of English is incidental, many believe, and subject to change. â€Å"If the dollar continues to drop,† says Josh Hayden, president of a social networking site for English learners around the world, â€Å"the most viable option could shift. Mexico and Korea don’t need English to communicate if Korea begins to find it profitable to learn Spanish. † (Dubner) English has also been able to survive as a dominating language because of its inherent linguistic properties. It is a very adaptable, quickly-evolving language which easily incorporates loan words from other languages, keeping it alive and growing. It’s also a fairly simple language, grammatically, since it lack grammatical gender, adjectival agreement, and contains minimal inflection, unlike most other Indo-European languages. Unlike Chinese, it is a-tonal, thus making it much easier to pronounce, and though there are many exceptions to the rules in English, it is a language very forgiving to accents, mispronunciations, and mistakes, making it one of the easiest languages for non-native speakers to learn and express themselves in. With this wide spread of English that is being co-opted and modified by so many non-native speakers, many believe that there will be a proliferation of ‘glocal’ Englishes- languages mixing English with their local dialect. This effect can already be seen in the many pidgin and creole dialects, simplified languages formed from two or more separate dialects, found in places around the world. So while English may be wiping out many languages, it can be argued that at the same time, it is giving birth to new ones. An interesting substitute for English as the global language I found during my research is a language called Esperanto. Esperanto, which means ‘one who hopes’ in the language, is the most widely spoken constructed international language in the world, with estimates of nearly 2 million fluent speakers. It was developed in 1887 by L. L. Zamenhof as a universal second language to foster peace between countries and international understanding. Today, it is used in things like world travel, cultural exchange conventions, radio broadcasting, and is the working language of several non-profit international organizations. The language itself is a kind of pidgin, employing grammar and semantics from Indo-European languages, phonemics from Slavic languages, and vocabulary mostly from Romance languages, and is growing in popularity around the world. As it advances, globalization seems to be picking up speed, and soon we may be hearing about language learning and language conservation as more debatable political issues. It is no longer sensible to associate certain languages with certain places; nobody owns language any more and this may prove to be especially troubling to those whose language is popularly used by non-native speakers. Whether or not languages homogenize or English stays as the dominating language are very disputable issues that have yet to be seen, but what’s obvious is that globalization is an integral driving force in the transformation of our world, breaking down territories and dividing lines and opening up information available to everyone. Amaladoss, Michael. â€Å"Global Homogenization† . Dubner, Stephen J. â€Å"What Will Globalization Do to Languages? † The New York Times, May 28, 2008. Hoelzgen, Joachim. â€Å"Language Nerds to Tackle Globalization† Spiegel Online, June 4, 2008.

Organizational Change Management, Change, Talk and Sensemaking Annotated Bibliography

Organizational Change Management, Change, Talk and Sensemaking - Annotated Bibliography Example This is a particularly different approach from implementing change in-house because much of the language analysis prepared in this article would not be necessary if everyone involved in the change used common language that is familiar to all within the organization.   Outsiders may use terminology differently, which may be the actual cause of confusion. The analysis provides an example of why clear and concise communication is necessary, particularly during periods of change. If outsiders are brought in, their language should be adjusted to that of the firm, or a list of This article shares the results of a survey taken by the authors, that examines trends in how organizations change. The findings indicate that true organizational change only occurred about 40% of the time. The best results, as high as 80%, are achieved by companies that abide by principles such a strong senior leadership, clear vision of goals and consistent communication of goals. The survey also found that companies that were under pressure to change from external forces usually failed because they tried to have â€Å"troubleshooters† take care of the transformation in secret rather than appealing to the broad base of employees. This article is valuable to research, as it provides a strong argument against secret or covert actions taken to bring about change in an organization. Outsourcing decisions that do not communicate a clear set of goals will not receive a broad base of support within the organization. This will lead to less than desirable results in the change process. Lack of open communication and secretive ventures of this nature can create a great deal of distrust. The research also suggests that change which is expected to bring about improvement within an organization should be proactive, rather than reactive. This means that taking measures to prevent the problem before they occur, being able to anticipate them and having solutions in place if they do occur can help organizations weather storms much more successfully.  

Genetic theory VS social approache of human language Essay

Genetic theory VS social approache of human language - Essay Example The main observation of the genetic theory of language is that, children everywhere in the world learn to speak very rapidly. Everywhere in the world children follow very similar steps while learning language and make very similar mistakes. All these can easily be explained by an innate ability to learn language but is very difficult to explain otherwise. This line of reasoning leads to the theory that innate propensity to language must be due to human evolution. Chomsky (1998) was the first to put forward this idea which has subsequently been modified and extended by Hauser, Chomsky and Fitch (2002) and Slobin (2004) among others. The proponents of this theory claim that human brain, during evolution, has developed specific neural circuits, which provide human children the capability to process the language information. Neuroscience has, in fact, identified specific areas in the brain that have distinct language functionality. That is the reason some stroke victims become speech impaired if these areas of the brain are affected. Second evidence in support of genetic theory is development of vocal tract which makes it possible for humans to articulate precise vocal sounds. Genetic theory explains well how creole developed as a full fledged language in Surinam. What started as an incomplete and restricted language form by escaped slaves living together and speaking many different languages, transformed into a full language by their descendants. However, this theory fails to explain why a hearing child of deaf parents, even when exposed to television, could not speak well (Bard, Sachs and Johnson, 1981) The other theory about origin of language focuses more on social interaction and suggests language to be an evidence of a child’s cognitive development process. Children begin by imitating adults, specially their care-givers. Language acquisition also is a part of social interaction. But unless and until a child

Tv Advertising And Peer Group Pressure Marketing Essay

Tv Advertising And Peer Group Pressure Marketing Essay Children also exert a powerful influence over their parents to buy them the latest products, influenced by TV advertising and peer group pressure. TV/film and the latest toy crazes are also important drivers, so a strong stream of new products heavily supported by the media will help to ensure regular uplifts in toy sales. The big challenge is for toy retailers to avoid competing too heavily on price, so as to drive value growth in sales. This will be difficult given the slow pace of the economic recovery and the squeeze on incomes that will increase in 2011 due to austerity measures being introduced to cut the government borrowing deficit. Licensed products will continue to be a major focus of new product launches, with ranges related to new TV or film releases supplementing long-established licensed ranges that continue to be popular. Educational toys that aid learning are also likely to see growth. Nostalgic toys with a modern twist are another important area of the market and in terms of retailing the multi-channel combination of websites, catalogues and stores with a bit of added retail theatre will help drive incremental sales and reduce the heavy reliance on Christmas. This portable Mini Photo Studio is designed to steer children away from video games and towards the artistic passion of photography. The concept came with the increase in popularity of social media and photo sharing, as well as a high percentage of digital camera ownership. Market Description Mini Photo Studio is primarily focused in the market of arts and crafts products; selling a product that will help develop the creativity of the children and teenagers by learning the beautiful art of photography. Demographic Analysis of Consumers The main target market of the Mini Photo Studio is the young teenagers (9-16 years) who are interested in the artistic passion of photography. Children and young teenagers, who are aged between 9-16 years old, are generally interested in social networks, fashion, make-up, latest technology mobile phones and photography (Mintel, 2008). In addition, according to a 2008 Mintel Report the second feature used on mobile phones by young teenagers is the camera facility. Starting with 2003, young teenagers also have more disposable pocket-money to buy their own things and when shopping with parents their own decision is the most important. There are different types of consumers interested in buying the Mini Photo Studio such as consumers interested to learn or develop the photography skills, or interested in modelling which are usually connected more with the celebrity. As Mintel Report says Celebrity endorsement is apparently more influential among children than among adults, with almost a quarter of parents claiming that their child/children aged 12+ are influenced by some kind of celebrity/pop/ sports star. The above characteristics of consumers were among the top factors that came with the increase in popularity of social media and photo sharing, as well as a high percentage of digital camera ownership. With the main focus on creating a product designed to increase the creativity of the teenagers and to keep them away from the use of the video games, which according to Mintel, parents are concerned that video games can become addicted to their children, so it is beneficial for us to focus on this type of consumer. The consumers are those whose attitudes, behaviours, and use of goods are significantly important for their personal development and interest. They make brand choices based on new trends and celebrity endorsements. In fact, according to Mintel Children claim to place heavy emphasis on their own opinion when making purchasing decisions, with around 4 in 10 children claiming to be confident about their own opinions. Therefore any use of celebrities must not appear to dictate or lecture to children, instead allowing them to make informed purchase or usage decisions. This is especially important among older children, who are exerting their independence.

Epidemics in Colonial America

John Duffy, a true historian, contributed immensely to the history of medicine by publishing his research in the form of his first book ‘Epidemics in Colonial America. ’ Duffy continued to write other books as well but this particular one stood as a landmark in his career, facilitating all those interested in the field of medicine. In writing this book, Duffy’s primary goal was to clarify epidemic diseases in order of importance and show their direct and indirect effects on colonial development.He showed how the health environment is important for economic outcomes and that there is a direct effect of health conditions on income and an indirect effect on institutions. There is clearly no ‘hidden’ goal or aim of the author and whatever he has intended to show is pretty apparent and understandable. His book is more on the lines of medical history/ economic impact and is more descriptive and explanatory than theoretical.‘Epidemics in Colonial Ameri ca’ provides, in detail, the history of disease epidemics in America and guides the reader through the years of epidemics to show how the outbreak of various diseases effected the development of colonial America. The book explains how epidemic diseases have been affected, and vice verse, have affected the isolation of rural societies, changing economic conditions, varied work conditions and the factors determining poverty and wealth. BodyThe seventeenth century is identified as the period when epidemics were fairly limited in their impact as the interaction between the people of different colonies was minimum and communities were more isolated than they would be in the future. As a result any disease would remain localized to the people of a particular community and not become an epidemic. However, the situation progressively changed by the end of the eighteenth century when there was more commercialized activity/economy. The increased mobility and urbanization led to a great er threat of epidemics spreading from the rural areas.The situation obviously worsened by the end of the nineteenth century as mobility was further improved and there was increased urbanization. The poor urban centers began experiencing high death rates from diseases like cholera, tuberculosis etc that were endemic in cities like New York, Boston, Philadelphia and New Orleans. Yellow Fever, Smallpox, malaria, hookworm infection, beri-beri, Typhoid and Dysentry, and Idiocy are amongst the epidemic diseases in colonial America. The detail of each, along with its effects has been given in the book.The impact of the mosquito borne diseases, Yellow fever and malaria, was greater on the colonists of Jamestown as compared to that in New England. Yellow Fever came from Barbados and spread in Philadelphia and New York, and later on in Boston. Thousands of people fell victim to the disease and several left afflicted areas. As is the case with other epidemics, business activity came to a stand still, unemployment rose along with the death rate. People who chose to stay in the afflicted areas had to take severe precautionary measures, but to little effect.They would shut themselves in their homes and keep the sick isolated from the rest in mosquito nets. The period of the disease is almost one week, by the end of which the person either dies or recovers and becomes immune to it. However, the instances of recovery were little and as history tells us, several hours of work had to be put in just to bury the dead. The Yellow Fever epidemic in 1793 killed around 5,000 people in Philadelphia, which is approximately 10% of its population.Moving on, Small Pox was introduced in America by the European colonists and effected the native Americans the most as they had little immunity to the disease because of having very little or no exposure to it. The entire native American population was swept off by the disease and as Duffy quotes a letter by a South Carolina resident in his book which says that Small Pox swept away a whole neighboring [Indian] nation, all to 5 or 6 which ran away and left their dead unburied. In the book, Duffy also describes it by saying that the epidemic in 1738 killed one half of the Cherokee Indians near Charleston.The effect of such an epidemic was reduced resistance to western expansion in the U. S. In another reported incident, some U. S Army men distributed blankets that had been used by smallpox and measles victims, to Indian tribes that also immediately fell prey to the diseases. The small pox epidemic was this disastrous because of its highly contagious nature and the fact that it spreads through even minimum human contact. It can choke the nostrils and also cause blindness. Prevention efforts were made by colonists who tried using isolation and inoculation, a controversial procedure introduced in Boston in 1721.The patient was injected with a mild form of the disease for a short while to create immunity and antibodies to counter the virus. As a result, a person would get the disease for a shorter while as compared to if they had gotten the disease naturally. A more crude form of this procedure was practiced by the African Americans and was called ‘variolation. ’ The practice consisted of transferring the pus or the scabs from the wounds of the already-affected people and injecting them in the open wounds of unaffected people in order to create immunity.Malaria was also one of the epidemics in the U. S. It became one of the significant diseases of the colonial times as it spread from Maryland to Alabama, Georgia, Missouri and Mexico. The mosquito parasite began spreading faster a s virgin soil was introduced in Carolina and the Blacks were available as victims for the mosquitoes. The parasite then gradually spread to the whites and eventually became an epidemic. The Hookworm infection was another one of the diseases, starting from Florida and Louisiana.The Hookworm parasite spread through the m oist soils from Virginia and just like Malaria, the Native American slaves were its carriers. The Beri-Beri disease, a simple deficiency of vitamin B, on the other hand was curable to a great extent. One of the most widely spread diseases, Tuberculosis, remained a highlight of the nineteenth century as it became very common amongst the people of rural areas and also the poor people of urban areas. Its airborne nature accounted for the high number of people who were affected by the disease and it took several decades for doctors to come up with a counter to this disease.Duffy’s book mentions other diseases and their effects on America as well but the ones mentioned above were the most significant ones. They hold great importance in maki9ng the present what it is today as they left a lot for the human race to learn from in terms of medical advances. Conclusion The outbreaks of epidemics not only affected the western expansion but also halted the functioning of many cities in Am erica. People were unwilling to work at the risk of their health and lives and therefore businesses and industries collapsed as unemployment rose.The economy fell and people preferred staying indoors to protect themselves. Education, industry, economy, agriculture and every other structure fell prey to the epidemics that hit the U. S. Local outbreaks became epidemics of a national nature as the transport systems developed and coastal trade began. The nineteenth century saw water and airborne diseases spreading throughout the U. S as poor sewage systems, dirty drinking water and poor food quality etc added to the spread. Eventually, the life expectancy of an average American greatly fell.On a more positive note, these epidemics had a great lesson to teach as far as the knowledge of medicine is concerned. It helped modern medicine develop into what it is today and facilitated doctors dealing with patients suffering from similar diseases to a great extent. Even though these disease wer e thought as a punishment for the sins that had been committed by the people, its positive aspect should not be ignored. ‘Epidemics in Colonial America’ is a significant addition to the literature of medicine and the efforts of John Duffy should be recognized for the immense help that they are.Duffy has remained successful in his attempts of creating awareness regarding the diseases that have struck colonial America in the past and has effectively shown their effects on the people, their incomes, the environment and the development of the United States. The details in the book help paint a fairly adequate picture of the colonial years and make it easy for one to imagine the magnitude of the diseases that occurred. Therefore, it is safe to say that Duffy succeeded in his efforts and should be remembered for them. Reference Duffy, John. Epidemics in Colonial America. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1953.

Mobile Voting System Essay

The proper execution of democratic rights has become linked to the availability and reliable functioning of advanced information and communication technology (ICT). Countries all over the world are implementing computerized voting system for it has some striking advantages over traditional paper voting. Designing an air-tight and reliable computerized voting system is therefore a great task, in that, the system that must be developed must protect the privacy of the voters and electoral candidates, be easily understood and used by the entire voting populace – no matter who they are or where they come from. This project MOBILE VOTING SYSTEM is designed to allow users spontaneously vote on issues with any of the most widely used PDA technologies ( e.g. GSM, laptops, iPad, iPhone etc.) with ease and as much security as possible. Chapter One: Introduction Introduction Elections are understood to be the key of democracy all over the globe and voting is one of the electoral routes that ensure the continuity of democratic system in any civilization. Voting is a formalized way of allowing the general public or a group of people make their choice on administration matters in a free a fair manner. However, voters now lose confidence in the voting process due to fact that election rigging and riots is graduating and assuming a dangerous dimension. Most people now believe that even when they are given the chance to participate in the ongoing election process, their leaders will still be chosen through selection and not the results of the election, others concluded that paper ballots simply couldn’t be counted, even though businesses, banks, lottery systems, and other entities in our society count and deal with paper all the time. Times are changing. We now live in the Internet era, where decisions can be made quickly enough, and there is a perception that anyone who does not jump on the technology bandwagon is going to be left far behind. Businesses are moving online at astonishing speed. The growth of online interaction and presence can be witnessed by the exponential increase in the number of  people with home computers and Internet access. Despite the natural eagerness to treat our election process as the precious, delicate and fragile process that it is, the question of using the new advances in technology to improve our elections is natural. Adding mobility to the voting system (i.e. ability to vote anywhere at any time) is another added strategy to the growth of our voting system. Statistics has proven that more than  ¾ of the world’s population has at least one of the common PDAs. Ability to vote on phones will boost our voting system to a large extent. Statement of Problem There are various factors responsible for flaws in the traditional paper voting system. Chief among the factors include Incompetency on the part of the electoral commission to act as an umpire in the electoral process Do-or-Die syndrome of the contending parties to capture political power by all means Numerous incidence of violence/riots Hoarding of the electoral box by a contending party Low turnout of voters as compared to the number of registered voters; this issue could be attributed to the lack of mobility in the electoral process. Lack of trust in the electoral process by voters due to historical mishaps of insecurity. Objectives Any alternative to the traditional ballot box voting must not compromise the fundamental rights of citizens to express their free political will without any technological, psychological or any other restriction or bias. Mobile voting system provides the following set of objectives: To provide a security tight voting system. To provide a voting system that has compatibility with as many mobile PDAs as possible. To encourage participation in the balloting process by many voters who are currently discouraged by the time and inconvenience of having to attend at a physical location. Significance of the Problem Mobile voting system when implemented will be of great benefit to humanity since in one way or the other, democratic election is part of human lives. It would make obsolete the need for ballot boxes and papers, because the system would simulate these, it provides options to conduct voting in a centralized and decentralized manner, time management, reduced total cost of the election, ability to vote anywhere and anytime thereby increases the efficiency and effectiveness of the voting system. Though, the initial cost of developing Computerized Mobile Voting Systems would be high but the long run effects would be that election costs, processes and time would drastically reduce. In essence, the benefits from the implantation of this project can never be overemphasized. Chapter Two: Literature Review Introduction: This chapter includes a critical look at the existing research and case studies that have significance with this research project. It has been done by consulting other people’s work in order to understand and investigate the problem of the research project. In conducting literature review, scholarly articles, books and other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research or theory has been surveyed. After reviewing all materials, a description, summary, and critical evaluation of each work is granted. The automation of business and governmental processes has long been a success story in many countries. As the use of mobile phones for voice and data communication increase, users continue to demand for more services to be offered by mobile phones due to the comfort they present. Recently a number of governments have employed e-voting systems in some of their elections and referendums using mostly computer terminals and a few with mobile voting systems. Theoretical background This project is a Web application to be developed with the major web technologies having: Database Design, Queries and Connectivity (PHP and My  SQL) User End Design (HTML, CSS, JAVASCRIPT) Server Testing (XAMP/WAMP SERVER) Testing (Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox) Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML) is the predominant markup language for web pages. It provides a means to describe the structure of text-based information in a document by denoting certain text as links, headings, paragraphs, lists, among others and to supplement that text with interactive forms, embedded images, and other objects. HTML is written in the form of tags, surrounded by angle brackets. The following is an example of an HTML code fragment that assign a title to this web application: Mobile Voting System  is the start tag. is the corresponding end tag and â€Å"Mobile Voting System† is the content of the element. Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) defines how HTML elements are to be displayed. It is a collection of styling rules. Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP ) is an open source server side programming language extensively used for web scripts. It is a popular server-side scripting language designed specifically for integration with HTML, and is used often in conjunction with MySQL in web applications. It is available on many platforms, including Windows, Linux and Mac OS. the following is an example of a php script that MySQL: an open source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL), the most popular language for accessing, querying a database. Because it is open source, anyone can download MySQL and tailor it to their needs in accordance with general public license. WampServer/Apache Server : WampServer is a free server bundle that uses Apache server. When installed on the system, it includes Apache, MySQL, and PHP. Apache is a popular web server that many Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and individuals use to host web pages. I installed Apache as a web server on the system. Created web pages are stored in the system’s special  folder, www directory in the local disk, in order for pages to be viewed. Review of Related Literature Mobile voting combines technology with the democratic process, in order to make voting more efficient and convenient for voters. Mobile voting allows voters to either vote by computer and any Personal Digital Assistance (PDAs) either from their homes or at the polling station. Brazil is a world leader in electronic elections, having conducted them since 1990. The elections in October 1998, was one of the largest electronic elections in history, with over sixty million voters casting ballots by computer for local and national candidates. 57 percent of the voting population – voted electronically in elections for local, state and 30national offices.